LineageOS

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LineageOS is a custom Android operating system, based on the Android Open-Source Project (AOSP).

Default Android installations typically include bloatware, advertising, and embedded tracking mechanisms that can’t be removed. After a few years, device manufacturers stop releasing updates, leaving users vulnerable to malware and data theft.

LineageOS is a fully open-source, customisable version of Android, with long-term support.
Google Apps are provided separately, allowing for a fully de-Googled experience if desired.
Magisk can selectively enable root privileges, while maintaining compatibility with Google SafetyNet (so banking apps still work).
AdAway can modify the hosts file to block known tracking and advertising domains system-wide.

Note: There are several other AOSP variants besides LineageOS. Unfortunately, AOSP device compatibility is limited. If you're shopping for a new phone, find the AOSP that you like best, and buy one of the phones it supports. Otherwise, the "best" AOSP is the one that actually works with your particular device.

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If you happen to have a Xiaomi Pocophone F1 (also known as the Poco F1), the guide below explains how to install LineageOS with (or without) Google Apps, Magisk, and/or AdAway:

How to: Install LineageOS on a Xiaomi Pocophone F1